Internal-combustion engine



P. D. JOHNSTON.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION men NOV.24. IQH.

Patented J 11116 22, 1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET Wit sses 7 %f4%% QM 010,11 vie/Mi P. D. JOHNSTON.iNTEHNAi. CDMBUSTHJN ENGINE.

APPLICATHJN HLED NOV. 24, HHI. 1,344,407.

Patented June 22, 1920.

a SHEETSSHEET 2- Y (L a 2g g6 A Home P. D JOHNSTON.

INTERNAL cumsusnom ENGINE.

APPHCATION HLED NOV 24, I911. 1

Patented J 11110 22, 1920 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Inventof an (LN l .JV, 1:1 l-Lilp %4 A ttorneyl.

mark: integral with the piston. is employed znl iarent to the port 17.The exhaust port 217 eonnet'ts with a nniiiilohl 21. the variouscylinders of the engine having their exhaust ports LUillittlttjtl tothis inanifolil. Hy inaliing the port 17 with its upper ulgro -i()IIl(.-What lower than the upper edge of the port Qll. the uil'niilst port.will lie openml het'in'o the transfer port is and the pressure withinthe combustion ("naniher at the vial of the stroke will he rellineillit-fore the ueavengrinp begins. Also hy making the port I? lower anilshallower. as ehown. the p-orth 1o anel lii will mine in jllXtiJE'JMlIGH hoi'ore the top of the piston expoees or unmaslrs the port 17'. Heneethe tranefer passage if will he in eonm'iunieation w th the primaryvoniprea sion chamber l'uPfOIE such passage is in routnninieation withthe combustion chamber and the compressed air from the COIHPY- sionchamber will enter this transfer paesage first. before the upper end oftho passage is opened. henre wire drawing will he prevented and thetOI'DPIQSStWl air will fill the passage 15 under the pressure of thoprinnir compression chamber. hefore the transfer passage is opened intorominunicm tion with the eomhuation chamber. This insures prompt actionof the searenging air and thormwh expulsion of the spent gases.

The eomhined atomizers and injectors 23, 522 are shown on top of thecylinders, there hein one for each cylinder. The atomizer and injectorincludes the vaporizer 23. which in the embodiment of the inventionrhoson for illustration in in the form of a hot hall or sphere. Thevaporizer is ilIljllllifiiltl an! PfllllfllllilltfltEQ with thecombustion "lllllillWl by means of a pipe or tube. 24. Fuel is injectedinto the hot hall. ignition hegine and inflammation transferred from thevaporizer at the Sililltiiilll: the fuel passes into the eonihu "inrhainher from the raporizer. i

Before referring to the iletaile ol the injector. referent? heing haullo Fig. 3. an air eompriwsor 25 is shown. This air compressor may heoperated in the useuai manner. and foi'ress air at :1 preferably rertaindefinite prebiure int a storage tank. no. The stored compressed air is:llHtll in ztal'tin g' the engine as well as in operating thr atom izers.The .etorage tank is; ('OXTllilllIl to the several eylincler ot theengine, 'lhia storage tank is uonnei-teii lay a pipe 27. to a holloweoil 28 (see Fig. ll loi-ateil in the exhaust iauifohl 22: so an to hemihjerteil l the. hot exhaust proilne-ts. oi' ('(llllllllHtlUll llllli]the cylin-ilere, the pipe QT heing (llVlllt l into two llllili'l'llH2!). l to eonuuunieato \iit'h the two injevtoi anti 22. Refer-run; againto Fig. 1?. :i fuel pump ill: i:-: driven at eonstant speeil ainli'nnstunt Hil'nlll} l'r m a lit) Hliafl I'll. tlii. lav ulnil't l)llll;f ilrivvii hv any euital'ale winnwtioiin tron: tin llnu't ant]pretorahly at the same ipee.

shalt l. The pump flu is provided with it loarleil valve 30. sir-that itwill pump oil nly at the ('ertain alelinite pressure for whioh the whois set. The pump is shown as mu'iporteil upon the auxiliary supply tank32, to whieh the fuel E54 hlllll lllll iu the orllinary manner, inproper quantities. The fuel pump ill] ironnevte with the pipe In). whichin l)1(l \lil("il with a hollow mil 'll in tho exhaust manifold 2; andhue hranehes 35, 3& to the two injortorrs E2. 5225. The pump Bill lsoeonnects with a presaure reaervoir 36 \rhieh muneeteil hv a pipe. 37 tothe air Supply tank 96. This pressure reuervoir may he plareti. asshown. or at any convenient plane on the engine The purpose of thisarrangement of pipes anal pressure reservoir 36, together with the pumphaving the loaded valve. is to itiilltl the neressitv of a variable a lrolie of the pump in order to aeeonirnotlate different loads; on theengine The intention is to have the PIUShlllt' of the oil in the pipe2,3 the same as that of the air in the pipe 27. This is awonipliuhetl hymeans of the pipe 3? am? tank 35. The pipe 3? is shown as having a noel:3H. Whirh can shut oil the supply of air through the pipe 37 when theengine is utop a-ll to keep the air from forcing tin: fuel up throughthe pipe 33 to the Zltlllllllltl'ri. Hhouid the loader] valve on thepump he improperly adjusted, it inconvenient to have some means ofohserving: the level of the fuel in the tank 36 so that this tank willnot humane empty nor yet overflow through the pipe 37 into the airsupply tank: E213. The air supply tank Lli may also he proviileil withan erarapc valve. or the air Lt'IDll.Iif 7' 3S uni ho pro VlLiLil with:1 loarleil rule on that tin: air pressure in the system will notexeeeil a curtain maximum an'iounl. lloth the air Elllll t'uul hel'orethey rim'l. la igniter pass; tiirl'au h the (oils in the. vxhaueitmanifold and are raiseil to a relatively high teinperip turn. Thehranrhe Li :25. Burl i 35:" are niaile as. ullort as pon'hihle. alnl ma)lie jai'html 50 that l mit (il the l lltl :llll ill! will he retained.to the oral that the air Flllll luel will remain in llu'ln a minimumlength of time and will not haw an opportunity to homiinie ohillml orl'llllEli'll in temperature to any extent hel'ore entering the atomizerainl injector. The atomizer :lllil injertor is shown host in Figs. il.l. I. .l. lll iillll ll. It einhorlies a (1115 uhh-h varriiw a. valve-lll anti a valve eeat ii. The valve I in mountoil in the waning no thatit may reeiproi'ale aurl at the Hill)! inie h l reo to rm'olve. Toal'ioinplhh t is. it in pro \iilerl with TL mineral ,ggil ilr 12 nearits toro mi ml. and 5hr; 'ii lit at its Iilli' illtl. The i o. alli'llllHlltEl. Flii'llllr! ite. H'Hl in -prin and in reli'll'llll from itH-at -v n :w oi" an arm tends through a stufiing-hox iu thi- 11$; shownin Fig. 5. and is pmriil i an arm 47, by means of \i'lilifi! it.l'otutcil. The valve i is host nuule in two sm-t as shown in Fig. 3. thehem living: IUiii(i\ able from tho stom. so that a: singly 'toil stvinmay he used in u ilifiwent shawl i" i with the who hex-oi lllliil ii toTh0 Viili' lllHi 5': it is iroii i'ul. :ilul i' iiig ii" u PIGS? ht withtlw min: 4 i ll oz ports 4H (i)I'l'lfliliiilPHli with thi suit. lifii"Fuels of tluports in iillltiillilit'ill'li}; filth tiiv seat livingrwluvuii in :io :iu to make a Small opmiing. 'lluwort 4% mm -onsuwtoilto pussugvs: 4'9. tluowls living iiil'liit ril by screw plugs fill. hosupply 5 is ifi ilflifi'll to i'illl-li Hui i ii: ..---;i. 5i it 21a1li.'-4it'i!l. iii luii'iil g two of Ho; poiia 1 gnautiii' ihnxihilit ini-oiis' tl uiruul. uiiil it. l,I-\ pomiiih to iujwlor' to! J; Luigiouiulivi' of of w im-u, As shown in tho of thoport-14Hi3iiii'oiumuniuiti u with the tau-l supply by means of theizimigv ii tho branch 3:, and pipe 33. The pfir-HHQPH 49 are pi'm'irloilwith openings i'owrwi with arrow plugs Iii. ZHlJiHtl'll to {h ports 4-.so that .s wire or tool run he intro-Elmo! u'hvu nevi-smut, iii ruse thepun ugh luwonwi'lml by foreign matter illiTli'tl m tho huuial Fuel.

The arm 4? eiiliijituii to he uuiwil at. illtvrvzils :luriug; theoperation of the engziuo. m i rvtz'm'i tho valve it from its shut :iziiiilmi' the air. uhii-h Qutm's tho intsrior of the using Iii througl'i theopening: under pressure. to blow or forve the liquid fuel thr ugh theinjector, thus complvteiy atomiziugr tho Fuel kPtl intimately mixing: itwith thilie-utwl uii'. This fun] and air lJiJi'll being hwitiul :uulhoth under high prt-sasui'v. he rvh-useul upon the withili'uu'iil of thoru n it) from iii; sent. and both u ill he "lip ltilllfv' liivii-u :1the; seat, anal in.. ihv i'iiikfllllfjl' 23. The liquid. Fuel will helIIHIH'eiliziti ly ihiuhml into Vapor. ()Wllifj ii) its liigjl':tlftl;pctiitiil'fi. am! wili ht hz'olwn up. ii the action of the air.whivh action is iuvrvusml h the fin-t that. the ports are iiu-liiiwl sous to iliz'mt the liquid fuvl against ilu aii' iiil'i'tllta us showu inFig. 9. The liquid. fool also broken up out! vomzuinglefi with ihe airby mvimu oi si-oiings 53 t'ormml in tho YHlYUf-liil. 'iholiquitl fuelliii fiivfiil through :uul is sul imlml to high to: pil'titllli iii thewoii TH :iiui will h? :nuiz: .vsl uuilor iho iii'iHlwill'? of tho uirNt'filfiii in tha iiilili :26. 2:15 thi quail quiu'itit neoisassir i 11Tho on motion of u giziitiiiulai' (Yijlij of ilii engine will lie l'illEh. ilimugh the i'r-ii'urrtiou oi thv valve i ll--h into gm; and willlie hlown into tho hot hull 5323. it i-Tlll he blown by tho :iiic'u'uuilh iii;-

Till? fuel wili iuunozlizih'lv.

tinn of air untlvi' the same pressure, which Most will prevent thedeposit of any tarry mixture or other i'esiiluuin on the vali'o-suat orany parts of the igniter.

The operation of l 3 arm 47 is ptel'vruhly by moans of the iuiurlumisn'ishown in Figs. .3 uuil T. The iii shaft $21 (ill'l'lLS u mun it This (muengages with a hlock or wiper .35, lilliug in u in: Tlw lowvi (Hill ofthe llifit'li is hvlil against he \zilll 5ihy moans ot :1 spring 531'.In the same fnuuo 5G with tho hlovk is :i SH'QHEl him-l: 5H. The bloc-k5% is i-oniwctm'l to the arm 47 by 111M115 of :1 Will 5f. This block 58lies alongside ot the. hior-lz and moves with it. The r'ounuotioiiliviu'i-i-n tho blOPixF-i 55 and i8 is by means of :i latr-h (5H, Thislatch is pivotal to the hlorlt ii :inil its luioiieil upper i'rulviigugos ith this top of the hlooli 55. Th0 lower mi! of iliif vlziti'li{it is formed will] :1 our jwtioii til. 'lhv path of iuovenlvut oi thegirojoi'tioii iii intiiri-optwl hy the ioi-ntion nt' :1 lilutii' (i2. monhle upon tile frame 56. This him-I; has on i!l(ll!lt(l groove 63 (am!Fig. 6) engaged by a bolt 64. By moving the liloi-k 13:2 horizontally.it will he moved in :i veriivzil ilii'vi-tiou by the engagement of thebolt fi l wiih the lIiLlllllil grooxe '13. The ialoiki'jii is ii m'eilin Elt' 'UlllZtDl'B with the Hi'tlfl'i of tho vugiiur liy uwuus of :igovei'uiu' ho. As the weed changes. this hlovk U2 is elevated ordepressed. owing to the movemvnt. of the lilnil; on its supporting liolt(i i. The vngu gsuu nt. of the projection 61 on the lrtwh 3H with thvlilot-l; 55 will wiry ilfl'l lth 7 t tho pouition of the him-k. it isapparent that upon the hlovk being elevated hy'eugzigi-uivnt with thecam 54, the lilfllfli 58 will he uhvateil with it, owing to theuugmgmnvut of the latch 60 with the lll K'h' 5 The LlGViltlOn of theblock 58 will, through the again-y of the rod 59, swing the arm 1-? 21mlopen theginjector Thin. Tho mini will IBillilili opcnl and the ikliilt.of opening will iEl(1{2lS3 until the projuvtiou i l Uligjflgltfi withthe govvrn'iug him-k ($2. wlu z'rupou tho hitvh (il will he turned uponits pivot against the tension of the spring 66, releasing the latch 60from the lilllCli i5 and allowing the block 58 to lam-curl. it willllPSt'tllll lly means of its own woight. and also by tho :ution of thewring l4 (losing the valve 40 upon its sent 4i. Tho extent of openingwill coiltiol the amount of fuel: the fin-thin" tliv valve is rein votlmin its sent. the grvutei' will be ihe. i xtout of opvhiug. :iiulconseqiiirutly the uiuount of furl to lw atomized. This extent of peningwill he in solution to tho iluration 0? opening. I make no claim in thisztgijllitlgllfil}, to the z-ipot-iiiiform of govern lug mechanismmuplowil but I regar! it as ntinl m ilw host zu-r-oinplislimeiit of myiition to utilize a (lBVICQ which Will open 2hrinjrrtur Ynlvc always :itu preflet'nrininril pnint, 11ml ilflbfi it iii vuriuhle inter- EIlfri.llrpvnllizig up m 1x9 102114 Thruperatiun of thrrni'ire (luviuuiszisl'ull b: Asmuning that thr iJ-lslflfl rnmpressrs {hr rhnrgv of nil inthe winilmaliuh -hamhrr tn 3H1) minihi per 5 Eli? inch. thrpressureFllL-lllfil he iii"? gmumls ur Th s liquiil lay-1 r 7 :1 :39 and the airin 2:- al the 9mm measure :1 ml at a tmnpuwiture htly 1021i? than theirmprruture of tho esraping QIHSIFS. Thu cam l is so :ul'nngml that theinjirrtor valve -31; will :ilWilVH ho u ieiiml ji t the piston I'tWUllLlhi: ilpiiii Filllfift' ui' 'ia mnvuim-nt. "ll-w li lmmirlwn fuel Mmnlim'ii h the air inn: the \upnrizrr m: whw'rihwh will hr rouse igniiwlanil tlw pzmlwjls of rnml:u:-ithin. tughlhvr with rim nnvumhusted luuhwill pm! info thv nmnlmstiuii chamber ll. .(i'lifilii Lhu cwtlhlmtimiwill he cun'lgilel i 'l. l prafer t0 so prupnrlimi ihu parts that thvrvill hi: all ewe: Hf air in the (DIDlillS- tiim vhzuulwr in rmlrr thalall Of tilt: hyclrw gwfwl will he IHllfilllllGLl piutly in I and part yin the mnihustion i'llil'flll ,2. as rill ha lllhlQYStUU l. The device iilt, ilwl in (Olliliflfllilll with a rnw-l'ur HlHll \rhirh will alw01:01} the inju tnr valve at the same piui (if the rynle of themigiiie). the Jlfl 1; bring determined by tlih gmrrnur at :1 variabliinm. ilrpeluling llpOil thv luml (hi the rngine. Th? fuel is alwaysinii-vtwl. tlwrvfm'c. when it is injected at rill. ill a Illllillll}point. hi]? the periml nf' 011tmi \zn'ios. The parts will be mproporiihriml that \\lll'll mmiini iiiielw UH lmul the r thv, hlm-k and.

(if A hfih lli ilk: I"

me hrin'uph A;

ihlhl WI will 11ml vii;

ii-i llllil m Ma l is iiiwil mall ,i i'iri'igiiul :iiwlowu in, are notclaimed in this zi 'i iliuatimi, but will lurm the Sillijill'hillilllil'of an applii'zitinn nr iflil'lllll'iltlfll'lkim patent .3.) he filul s1ibSGE} uentlyl Tn :iurcurilmu'e wiih llw prmhiom 01' the palsnl 55-min?-l haw- :lvscrih l the prin i-iplc Ui' my iin'ee'eiiimi, tugrthnr withthe HIPPIUQUIS Whirh mu; whsfilur l i-Ppmsrnt the best einhmliimmtthvruwl'; hut l ill! sire to have i; mn'lrmimuil that $111: appa lthtllSahuwu is merely illustmtix'e and that the invention can he carried outin other ways.

llzwiizg 1 m? :lnw-rihwl my invrntiun what i ulaim new and alwirr: tuHavurn by l irtlnrs Patent, 55 r 1. An intern-Al rumhmtion vngine haw in:111 illiUllllZlilfj inju'ctflr, said :ihmlizing injertm' having apassage fm air, lll silian for impressing air under pressure in thepassage, a llZlPHlEd valve seat in ihv l iassage, 1: p mg-n Fmliquizlluhl entering lhruugh he \"zilvu Will lihr )llfilul; hilt'ifUiJf l vingin the valve: seat means fur impressing liquid fuel lllhlOI n'vwuro iiilhr l ii9lj!:!. lg(', a tapers-l val) having 21 single: hezul gnmms forengaging the hvml with the smifi and dosing the air passage and the furlpalfimlge. sniil vnlvu opening: in ihu elire timi :xgui l: iha airpressurm and means for npuruting tho valvr in sequfinrc with theoperating uyrlu m the ruginu.

An internal wmhuslimi (engine having an atomizing ilijra-tur llllalumizing: izriec- Lnr having a paw gr e-r air; minim fur impressing:iir umhgr prhasura in tha 'pslsilzigr; z: fnprrml will 'u l in {hrpassage; 2 pa a- Hvge for liquiel l'i -l extending lhruugrh lh'c)\"ZllYlj shut th mitlrll lhurmi hring in the vulw weal; Quid furlpassage lli'llig inclined l3! 1hr iliz'rnliiun uhlHmwl tn the llmv in"the air? Ina-ans i'm' 'lHIEJIPSSiHgI the air passngu anil also the l uulpaws-1:450,

mi ll, valve upening in the ilirm'liun :Hminslthe air p11 the valve insergurnra will) iihe (warming 1r vlr- (Ll tlm engine 3. in internaloomhust n'i Higgins ha ing an :itnmizing injection amid atnnaizing injerim having a passage for air: means for imprrssing :iir umlerprvsrim'v in the pasmgr; a tuj'lm'ml villrv wait in l l'm ]MI SH,L"E; apassage for liquid incl. tlnmullet Lhrruul lining in {Kim vain: mint; :1uir xmiillr'rvhfinl were or srm'es lmmrel is'i Rh? 1: 1t. hfilwrun thehis] millet :mil the miller l turu; means fm' ih'iprswing lurch-r 1m urrin the furl pzramw y-vrul Hllik lying i! .HEYL": Musing, the: llll.gmssai c passage, said valve opening in the direction against the airpressure; and means for upcrating the valve in sequence with the operanatomizing injector, sald atomizing 1nyector having a passage for air;means for impressing air under pressure in the passage; a tapered valveseat in the passage; a passage for liquid fuel, the outlet thereof beingin the valve seat said fuel passage hein inclined in the directionopposed to the ow of the air; a circumferential score or scores formedin the seat, between the fuel outlet and the outlet of the mixture;means for impressing liquid fuel under pressure in the fuel passage; atapered valve, lying in the valve seat, and closing the air passage andalso the fuel passage, said valve opening in the direction against theair pressure; and means for operating the valve in sequence with theoperating cycle of the engine.

5. An internal combustion engine, having a cylinder and a piston, andmeans for admitting air to the cylinder and compressing it by thepiston, an atomiaing injector, having a passage for air; means forimpressing air in the passage, under a higher pressure than the aircompressed by the piston; a valve seat in the passa e; a liquid fuelpassage extending throng the valve seat and having an outlet in thevalve seat; means for impressing liquid fuel under pressure in the fuelpassage, such pressure also being greater than the pressure of the aircompressed by the piston; means for heating both air and fuel in advanceof the atomizer; a valve engaging with the valve seat, and closing bothair and fuel passages, and means for operating thevalve in sequence withthe operating cycle of the en-' gine.

6. An internal combustion engine having acylinder and a piston, meansfor admitting air to the cylinder and compressing it by the piston, anatomizing injector having a passage for air, means for impressing air inthe passage under higher pressure than the air compressed by the iston,a valve seat in the passage, a liquid uel passage extending through thevalve seat and having an outlet in the valve seat, means for impressingliquid fuel under pressure in the fuel passage, such pressure also beinggreater than the pressure of the air compressed by the piston, a vaporpassage connecting the atomizer and cylinder, a vaporizer 1n the vaporpassage, a valve engaging with the valve seat, said valve having asingle head which closes both air and fuel passages, means forpositively closing the vapor passage, and means for opening the valve insequence with the operating cycle of the engine.

7. An internal combustion engine having a cylinder and a piston, meansfor admit ting air to the cylinder and compressing it by the piston, anatomizing injector having a passage for air, means for impressing air inthe passage under a higher pressure than the air compressed by thepiston, a valve seat in the passage, a liquid fuel passage extendingthrough the valve seat and having an outlet in the valve seat, means forimpressing liquid fuel under pressure in the fuel passage, such pressurebeing greater than the pressure 0 the air compressed by. the piston, avalve engaging with the valvsseat, said valve having a single head forclosing the air and fuel passages, means for positively closing the. vaor passage and means for opening the va ve in sequence with theoperating cycle of the engiiie.

This specification signed and witnessed this 22nd day of November, 1911.

PHILIP D. JOHN STON.

W'itnesses:

V J. 1. Comment,

JOHN L; LOTSCH.

